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Noise-induced hearing loss is irreversible, but it is entirely preventable. Employers in Germany and across the EU have clear duties to assess noise and to provide hearing protection. Here is what this means in practice.
Action values in the EU
Under the EU Noise Directive 2003/10/EC and the German Noise and Vibration Occupational Safety Ordinance (LärmVibrationsArbSchV), the following daily exposure values apply:
- 80 dB(A) - lower action value: the employer must provide suitable hearing protection and offer hearing checks.
- 85 dB(A) - upper action value: hearing protection must be worn, the area must be marked, and a programme to reduce noise is required.
- 87 dB(A) - exposure limit value: the noise reaching the ear, taking the hearing protection into account, must never exceed this level.
Rule of thumb: if you have to raise your voice to be understood at an arm's length, the noise is likely above 85 dB(A) and a noise assessment is needed.
Ear plugs, ear muffs or a combination
Ear plugs are small, comfortable for long shifts and compatible with other PPE such as safety glasses and helmets. Ear muffs are quick to put on, easier to supervise and suited to intermittent noise. In very loud environments you can combine both, but never assume the attenuation values add up.
Understanding SNR
The SNR (single number rating) on the packaging tells you how much the product reduces noise in decibels under laboratory conditions. Real-life attenuation is lower, so as a guide subtract about 5-10 dB. Choose a product that brings the level at the ear into the range of 70-80 dB(A): too little protection is dangerous, but too much isolates workers from warnings and communication.
Fit, training and maintenance
Hearing protection only works if it is fitted properly and worn all the time in noisy zones. Train your staff how to insert ear plugs correctly, replace disposable plugs daily and check ear muffs for cracked cushions and headband tension.